How does hitchcock create Essay Example for Free

How does hitchcock create Essay Hitchcock produced Psycho in 1960. It was a groundbreaking film as it was the first American motion picture to feature a toilet being flushed. Also, Janet Leigh was shown in her underwear on more than one occasion, and, during the famous shower scene, its possible to see hints of flesh. Hitchcock used the media to sell his film to a younger, fresher audience. The poster for this movie, at that time was sexually explicit. Hitchcock started a policy whereby viewers would not be permitted into the theatre once the film had begun, a measure, which had never before taken. Hitchcock wanted to manipulate his audience into fear and loathing so he reverted the film to black and white instead of colour. The story concerns a psychopathic murderer; its technique reveals the dark side of all mankind; the inner secrets, deceits and guilts of all human beings. And as this is so true of even the most ordinary situations in life, nothing is as it really seems and that is how the play opens. Showing the ordinary life of her going to work and getting jobs to do. Marion had been given $40,000in cash to deposit in a local bank. When Marion decides to run away with the money the viewers feel quite tense and want to know what will happen next. The psycho is not yet introduced so the viewers focus is on the money. We see Marion with the money, packing a suitcase. It is obvious that she plans to flee with the money but the sympathy of the audience remains with this apparently harassed woman. Throughout the scenes, we have seen reflections of her in mirrors and through windows, all suggest the split personality aspect of the plot. As she makes her escape to leave with the money, she is stopped at a traffic light, her boss pass by in the crosswalk in front of her; the camera angle changes from showing his face to Marions. He at first smiles and nods when recognising her, and leaves the frame of the windshield. Likewise, she smiles nervously. But then he stops, turns and furrows his brow at her. Mr. Lowery is puzzled and concerned to see her in her car when she was supposed to be home sick. Likewise, her face turns frozen after realising that she has been caught. The audience becomes more terrified and nervous to whats going to happen next. Marion is pulled over by a mysterious policeman; the appearance of him with his sunglasses made him look inhuman. He follows her many miles to a car dealer, where Marion cleverly trades her current car in for a used junkie to camouflage herself from peering enemy. Marion then continues to drive along the busy highway until a shielding rainstorm persuades her to stop to rest at The Bates Motel. When Marion arrives at the motel, it immediately tells the viewer that its unusual. The appearance of the motel makes you feel isolated because no one was around. The lights were off it was very disturbing. The gothic image of the house on hill is positioned above the motel, which is very effective and also menacing. The camera angle shows both the motel and the house in one shot. The fact that when she arrives its dark and theres silence the connotations with these factors make you feel unsure. The viewers feel petrified, as something is to happen out of the blue. She meets a shy-but-kind manager, Norman Bates, who offers her a room, a meal, and a sympathetic ear. During her conversation with Norman, when he speaks about the traps that life places everyone in, Marion resolves to return on the following morning and give back the money. Events of the night, which involve violence and the jealous rage of Normans twisted mother, put an end to Marions plans. Norman is dressed plainly and appears normal. The camera zooms into his face making the audience question whether Norman is all that he seems. This close up invites the audience take a closer look at him. Norman hesitates when choosing which cabin to put Marion in. He puts his hand by the key to cabin three; he stops and gives Marion a sneaky look out of the corner of his eye. He then decides to give Marion the key to cabin one. The way in which he hesitates about the key suggests that he has a hidden motive, which the audience later find out is the spy hole in the wall of cabin one. When showing Marion around her room, Norman hesitates when talking about the bathroom. He will not even say the word bathroom and when he has to turn the bathroom light on he quickly puts his hand in and then pulls it back out. This makes the audience think that something may have happened in the bathroom before or Marion may die in the bathroom. Norman seems quite forceful when asking Marion to have dinner with him; this creates tension. When he brings her tray of food, which he suggests she eat in his office because it is more comfortable, he comments, Motherwhat is the phrase? Isnt quite herself today. While shes eating he watches her eat extremely closely which is not typical behaviour this unnerves the viewer. Norman bates has a fascination with death you can see this by the images of the dead birds its like his hobby of taxidermy and also there are birds of prey on the walls which give an idea of killing. After seeing this, the audience becomes all tense and frightened thinking of murder. Their conversation includes references to death and entrapment. He says to Marion you eat like a bird (when there are dead birds on the wall) and he also says that were all in our private traps. This makes the audience know that something is to happen. He also mentions his mum well not directly but he refers to we which implies there is someone else at the house but the viewers dont no who so it leave it as an answered question which is very effective. His conversation show his conflicts with his mother the feeling of hate for her illness this implies hidden secrets. This brings a lot of tension to the audience. The shower scene is one of the most famous sequences ever captured on film for two reasons. As violent as it is you never see the knife go into Marions body and it was the first time the film in history that a major movie star was brutally killed of in the first thirty minutes of the movie. The famous shower sequence, which runs only a minute, took a week to film. Seventy cameras were set up for this scene and more than ten different scenes were used. The scene starts of very calm and peacefully. She opens up a bar of soap, and turns on the overhead shower water from a high up showerhead nozzle that sends arched needles of spray over her like rainwater. There in the exposed privacy of her bathroom, she begins to bath, visibly enjoying the luxurious and healing feel of the cleansing water on her skin. Marion is relieved as the water washes away her guilt and brings energising, reborn life back into her. Large close-ups of the showerhead, that look like a large eye, are shot from her point of view they reveal that the water bursts from its head and pours down on her and the audience. She soaps her neck and arms while smiling in her own private world unaware for the moment to the problems surrounding her life. With her back to the shower curtain, the bathroom door opens and a shadowy, grey tall figure enters the bathroom. Just as the shower curtain completely fills the screen with the camera positioned just inside the tub, the outline figure whips aside the barrier. The outline of the figures dark face, the whites of its eyes, and tight hair bun are all that is visible she uses a scary butcher knife high in the air at first, it appears to be a stab, a stab, stabbing us the victimised viewer! The piercing, shrieking, and screaming of the violin strings play a large part in creating sheer terror during the horrific scene they start screaming before Marions own shrieks. Marion turns, and screams (her wide-open mouth in gigantic close-up), and stands firm as she shields her breasts, while the knife repeatedly rises and falls. The music tenses up the audience and the audience are now very shocked. The murderer appears to stab and pierce into her, shattering her sense of security and escape. The savage killing is kinetically viewed from many angles and views. She is standing in water mixed with spurts of blood dripping down her legs from various gashes symbolic of a deadly and violent rape. She turns and falls against the bathtub tiles, her hand clawing and grasping the back shower wall for the last shred of her own life as the murderer (resembling a grey-haired woman wearing an old-fashioned dress) quickly turns and leaves. With an unblooded face and neck/shoulder area, she leans into the wall and slides, slides, and slides down the wet wall while looking outward with a fixed stare the camera follows her slow descent. The audience is left terrified; the main character has died. As Marion collapses on the floor the cameras slowly tracks the blood and water that flows and swirls together counter-clockwise down into the deep blackness of the bathtub drain Marions life has literally gone down the drain. The drain dissolves into a memorable close up of Marions right eye with one tear drop (or drop of water). The camera pulls back up from the lifeless, staring eye, which was the last shot of the scene. Through out the film music was used to reflect the viewers feeling and, where needed, to heighten them. This was the first time this technique was used. The pace of music changed quite a bit through out the movie. The pace builds up from a slow pace to a faster pace in both scenes when Marion plans to escape with the money and the stabbing in the shower scene. When Marion arrives at the motel there is minimal background noise other then the rain this is very effective because it makes you that shes alone in an isolated place where no one is around. The silence makes the natural/unnatural hesitations in the speech more disturbing and therefore builds tension. The camera angles in psycho were somewhat experimental. It used a wide range of camera shots varying from straightforward long shots to iris shots. Hitchcock was the first person to experiment with this wide range of camera angles. Seeing as this was the first film to use these new techniques, they were used relatively effectively. The use of long shots of the house and then the medium shots of Norman Bates kind of connect the viewers association with the gothic house to Norman making him just as intimidating as the building. One of the most effective shots in the film was the extreme close up of Bates eye when he was looking through the peep hole at Marion getting changed. The only thing in the shot was his eyes and the wall. A beam of light shone through the hole onto Bates eye and this was very effective. This was effective because the scene stood out as his eye appeared through the hole. Psycho was a terrifying film in its day, and still makes the viewers tense with anticipation of whats to come. Many different and subtle innovative techniques were adopted to manipulate its audience and these techniques are very effective. I think this film was very good even though its quite old and its in black and white.

Multicultural Education Essay -- Schooling Teaching Learning Papers

Multicultural Education The inclusion of multiculturalism into schools has become an increasingly hot topic as of late. Being a future teacher I have taken a natural interest in the topic as well. It seems that most of the push to incorporate the multicultural issue into the school system has been a reaction to the thought that the American â€Å"melting-pot† metaphor is on the decline. Knowing that the demographics of the United States is changing continuously, the main issue about the inclusion of multiculturalism is not whether to place it into the schools, but rather how to position this controversial topic into the curriculum. Many people think that the incorporation of multiculturalism must begin with the teacher education students while they are still in college. Advocates claim that college curricula must institute multicultural studies because as of now there are no requirements of students to seriously study the culturally diverse societies in which they will be teaching. Throug hout the paper I will mainly discuss the responsibility of the school systems to include the multicultural aspect into their various curricula. I will also show how teachers must change and continue to change as the student demographics vary. Finally, I will give evidence of how racism is a large problem in schools when discussing everything from the racial percentages of educators to the segregation of students in various ways. â€Å" The inclusion of multiculturalism in the dominant curriculum in higher education was originally a response to minority student demands of the ‘Sixties and Seventies’†(Kailin, 1998, p.1). This is direct evidence that the topic has been continually pushed aside as time has gone on. Originally b... ...k that this racism would disappear just through teacher communication. In all, school reform for a society full of multiculturalism has to mean sharing power and collectively making decisions. If this is not done, the issue of how to incorporate multiculturalism into schools will never be solved. Works Cited Farris, Pamela J. (1999). Teaching, Bearing the Torch. Boston: McGraw- Hill. Kailin, Julie. (1998). Preparing Teachers For Schools and Communities: An Anti- Racist Perspective. High School Journal, 82, 1-9. Munroe, Maurice E. R. (2000). Unamerican Tail: of segregation and multicultural education. Albany Law Review, 64, 7-63. Sleeter, Christine E. (2000). Multicultural Education And the Standards Movement- A Report from the Field. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 156-162. Tucker, Michelle. (1998). Multiculturalism’s Five Dimensions. NEA Today, 17, 17-19.

Adultery †Duffy Essay

Duffy presents relationships in the poems adultery and valentines in different ways. In adultery the title suggests betrayal and deceit. It explores the wife’s feeling towards her husband’s infidelity. Whereas in valentines, Duffy shows the different ways we love people and challenges the true meaning of love. Adultery is a regular structure of 11 stanzas. This shows repetition and also restriction. It has a regular repetitive rhythm so as to avoid losing the impact and the theme of the poem which is betrayal. Duffy introduces her poem in an exciting and a mysterious way; wear dark glasses in the rain. This shows that the person is hiding his identity. â€Å"Guilt. A sick, green tint† makes the reader pause and think giving the word â€Å"guilt† a bigger effect. It shows the damage caused by the action of the betrayer. She leaves the word† hands† unwritten which makes it important due to the various things a person can do with it. The second stanza creates an atmosphere of excitement and also shows a hint of prostitution when Duffy uses the line† money tucked in the palms†. â€Å"You are naked† is also of significance because it not only implies infidelity but also the word naked could mean vulnerability. Duffy uses this to present the reader different ways to look at the partner. Duffy uses the word â€Å"bastard† which is an offensive word. She could have just used the word bad person but instead she chose bastard because it is much more emotional and dramatic and shows the way the partner feels about the adulterer at that point in a more effective way. It shows the bitterness and the anger which is also shown throughout the poem. This could also suggest that the adulterer was a male since woman ar usually not called bastards. The reason it could be a married couple is due to the use of the word wedding cake later. â€Å"Sweet darkness in the afternoon† could suggest deception because people usually draw their curtains during the afternoon so that others from outside cant see. However, sweet darkness is also an oxymoron because they are two opposites. Duffy could have used these words to show how the two lovers make something that is spooky (darkness) into a more affectionate atmosphere by having sex. The stanza increase the about sexual atmosphere by suing words such as â€Å"gasping, radiant,yes†. Duffy uses a simile in â€Å"life which crumbles like a wedding cake† to compare the adulterer’s life to a fictional life where the marriage would still crumble due to guilt. The â€Å"tarnished† spoon could be a metaphor that suggests the adulterer has been with so many other lovers as well. Duffy suggests that men don’t live up to their promises. When they do something wrong, they try to win the other half over by buying â€Å"flowers† which could mean that they are up to no good. The word â€Å"darling† expresses the bitterness and the sarcasm of the partner. It gives us an insight on how the partner feels. Duffy builds up tension towards the end of the poem. She uses words that have got implied meanings. Similarly, she uses this same technique for â€Å"valentines as well although the theme of the poem is totally different and represents relationships in a different way. Valentines as the title suggests is about love and how it is expressed especially on Valentines Day. Duffy uses 1 line stanzas to give a more dramatic impact and also gives the key ideas. Duffy suggests that a â€Å"red rose† or a â€Å"satin heart† does not really carry the real meaning of love. The word â€Å"not† crates an effect which suggests that Duffy strongly thought that the roses and hearts were just fake symbols of love. Instead, Duffy tries to have an â€Å"onion† as a symbol of love. Duffy compares her onion to a moon wrapped in brown paper. The brown paper implies the outer skin of the onion. The moon is known for its romantic setting and its† light† could mean that true love provide the light of your life. In valentines, the poem uses imagery to get a point across. The poem has got the onion as the extended metaphor with an implied meaning of true love. However, in adultery Duffy uses the words â€Å"innocent onions† to show that the adulterer implies that they have not done anything and that they are completely innocent even after all the cheating. Duffy implies that love isn’t always going to be full of happiness. There are hardships as well which is the reason why she chose an onion. The onion can show the hardships through the† tears† when we peel an onion. Tears are part of true love. Duffy also suggests that by peeling an onion, the different layers of someone’s personality is also discovered. However, in adultery Duffy uses the word â€Å"unpeels† to suggest the sexual effect. Usually, photos are indicated for nostalgic moments of life. However, Duffy twists this idea by using† photo of grief† which implies that there would be sorrow and depression in love. She is trying to say that these are the truths of love. She uses â€Å"not a cute card or a kissogram† to imply that she was against normal gifts that did not really hold the true meaning of love. However, in adultery â€Å"your flowers dumb and explicit on nobody’s birthday† can portray that the person is up to no good. A flower which is a normal symbol of love is portrayed as betrayal and heartache. In valentines love is used as the key basic towards a good relationship. In adultery, the word â€Å"love† is used as an accusing comment by the partner to the adulterer. It suggests that the adulterer does not really know all about love since he is cheating. â€Å"a ring thrown away† shows that the marriage would most probably end due to the deception. Similarly in valentines, Duffy mentions a â€Å"wedding ring† which is important since it’s a sign of love. On the other hand, Duffy could have used this to suggest that marriage is not the best option if there is no passion in a relationship. The word† lethal† is unusual to be in this poem. This however could mean that love is lethal in a way. It’s a metaphorical death of love that is break-ups. This word similarly is also mentioned in adultery for a different situation though. In adultery, Duffy builds up a situation on all the different ways the person cheats. She uses the word lethal to make sure that the reader doesn’t feel comfortable with the deception and the betrayal. This word shows the dangerous consequence of adultery. However, in valentine the repetition of the word ‘cling’ shows the way feelings can take a grip on people. On the other hand, in adultery the feelings certainly didn’t make the relationship between the two people any stronger. In valentines, the poem uses imagery to get a point across. The poem has got the onion as the extended metaphor with and implied meaning of true love. Whereas, in adultery Duffy uses language technique of implied or hidden meanings to create a mood that builds on and then changes it. She uses language effectively to present how the partner feels. The poem adultery could be personally linked to Duffy. She might have had relationships where she was hurt or was betrayed by her lover. Whereas, in valentines she could have just wanted people to experiment and modernise their way of thinking instead of just sticking with the old boring meaningless ones.

Hester Essay - 619 Words

Throughout the Rocking-Horse Winner†, Hester was overly materialistic, emotionally cold towards her children and in self-denial over her own faults. Hester had expensive tastes and she insisted in keeping up the latest style. The â€Å"expensive and splendid toys† that filled the nursery were more than the parents modest income could afford. Paul asked for an explanation of luck. Hester responded by saying â€Å"it’s what causes you to have money†, quickly making a connection between luck and wealth. And while she discovered she had a knack for sketching â€Å"furs and dress materials† she adored, making hundreds of pounds per year did not appease her elegant tastes, for it still wasn’t enough to keep up her extravagant lifestyle. When Hester found†¦show more content†¦She so wanted to be first in something†. Eton was amongst the most expensive schools in the area, and just like her husband who went to that school, she desired her son to be one the elite who attended. She enrolled Paul at Eton; aware that she should be using her money more wisely but still â€Å"felt themselves s uperior to everyone in the neighborhood.† Hester could not come to terms with her own problems and constantly turned to external reason (not including herself) that kept her from achieving her goals, â€Å" His mother who had great belief in herself, did not succeed any better (then her husband).†One of which was her concept of luck. To Hester, luck was what caused a person to gain money. She couldn’t explain why their family was poor or why she was so unsuccessful in any of her attempts to get rich and so she blamed her husband for all their losses, â€Å"it’s because your father has no luck†¦ he’s very unlucky†. Hester could not explain why she was emotionally cold. â€Å"When the children were present, she always felt the centre of her heart go hard†. Her children had been thrust upon her and she could not love them and the children knew that Hester did not honestly love them. Their actions were never shown but Hester knew that the chemistry between them was never pure, â€Å"They read it in each other’s eyes†. She looked to conceal her iniquities with furnishings and other items that wouldShow MoreRelatedHester As An Imperfect Heroine1515 Words   |  7 PagesKristen Weber Mrs. Kilcullen Honors English 25 November, 2013 Hester as an Imperfect Heroine The Scarlet Letter, a story of Hester Prynne and her paramour, Reverend Dimmesdale, and her malicious husband in pursuit for revenge, Roger Chillingworth. The novel begins in the Puritan society in Boston, Massachusetts, during the 1640’s. The town first ostracizes Hester because of their strong religious beliefs. Hester is then faced with an immense struggle against the town and Roger Chillingworth.Read MoreSummary Of Hester Prynne 1712 Words   |  7 Pagesdoor. In this chapter, Hester Prynne, a young woman, emerges from a prison door while carrying a child. Prynne is to be condemned for committing adultery and for giving birth to an illegitimate child. As she makes her way to the platform, the women in the crowd makes criticizing comments about the elaborate letter â€Å"A† stitched onto her chest. Prynne then remembers her earlier life about her childhood and questions if her current situation is real. In this chapter, Hester Prynne is on a scaffoldRead MoreEssay on Hester Prynne1260 Words   |  6 Pages Hester Prynne nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s The Scarlet Letter, a dark tale of sin and redemption,centers around the small Puritan community of Boston during the 17th century. In the midst of this small community is Hester Prynne. She is a woman that has defied the Puritans, taken the consequences and in the end conformed with the Puritans. It did, however, take great effort to settle down and become a women of honor again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hester PrynneRead MoreA Romantic View Of Hester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel where one of his main characters, Hester Prynne, is surrounded by rigidRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Hester Prynne2487 Words   |  10 PagesHester Prynne The character of Hester Prynne changed significantly throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner; she has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery. For this irrevocably harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her life. From the beginning, we see that Hester Prynne is a young and beautiful woman who has brought a child into the world with an unknown father. She isRead MoreComparing The Scarlet Letter By Hester Prynne853 Words   |  4 Pages From sex addict to anger issues and everything in between we all have our faults. Hester Prynne`s, well she was an adulterer. Yet, what makes her fault unique is that she was forced to expose this truth to the entire world, through the Scarlet Letter exposed on her chest and the child beared through her adulterous relationship. As an a experiment the majority of the junior class was presented the challenge to present their faults to the public. While most accepted the challenge, others denied themselvesRead MoreHester Prynne : The Scarlet Letter841 Words   |  4 PagesJessica Alvarez Period 3 Ap English Lit. Hester Prynne: The Scarlet Letter In the Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is committed of adultery and has a baby as a result. Throughout the story she refuses to give the name of her lover, Reverend Dimmesdale. Temptation got the best of both of them and a child was created, Pearl. Although Hester was married to Roger Chillingworth from the beginning, she felt no love since he left her in New England. The main traits Hester displays are: proudness, honesty, andRead MoreCharacterization And Imagery Of Hester Prynne Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track or relive the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow† (Hawthorne 46). Chapter 2 – The Market-Place Characterization and Imagery of Hester Prynne â€Å"The young woman was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richnessRead MoreCompare And Contrast Hester And Dimmesdale1771 Words   |  8 PagesFrench poet Jean De La Fontaine once said, â€Å"Nothing weighs on us so heavily as a secret does.† Set in the harsh Puritan community of seventeenth-century Boston, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a tale of a woman named Hester Prynne who is involved in an affair scandal. As a result she is punished by the relentless society and is ordered to bear a scarlet â€Å"A† on her bosom for the remainder of her life which stands for adulterer. However, the mystery as to who the father is of her newbornRead MoreQuestions On Hester s Scarlet Letter985 Words   |  4 PagesScarlet Letter, Hester wears the scarlet letter as a sign of sh ame for committing adultery when her husband was lost at sea. By wearing the scarlet letter, Hester shows that she accepts the sin that she has committed. Even after Chillingworth allows Hester to remove the scarlet letter, Hester still wears the scarlet letter. By continuing to wear the scarlet letter, Hester accepts the scarlet letter as her reminder of her sin. Through her reflection of her sin with the scarlet letter, Hester changes and