Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder - 1890 Words

Bipolar Disorder By: Aaron Montez Psychology 201 Abstract Bipolar Disorder can affect men or women at any stage of their life. The disorder can be triggered by a traumatic incident or inherited and can cause wide mood swings. These mood swings will go from the feeling of euphoria, that can last for several days, to severe depression that can last for weeks. Each episode can be mild or severe depending on the situation. Medication can be used to help the patient control the symptoms. Most effectively is the proper lifestyle changes that a person must adapt to manage their symptoms and prevent severe swings in their behavior. Having a close friend or relative that is trained in detecting the oncoming episode is essential to helping the patient manage their disorder. It is imperative for the patient to maintain and continue taking medications as prescribed. Staying away from drugs and alcohol is necessary for the patient as well since this can be a trigger for severe symptoms and may interact with the medication prescribed by your physician. There are also many natural, alternative medications that will help alleviate some of the symptoms that a person with bipolar suffer with. And the use of a support group will help the suffer feel that they are not alone in their situation and that there are people out there who know what they are going through and dealing with daily. There is no known cure for bipolar disorder, but the sufferer can help prevent the episodesShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. B ipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder ass ociated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â€Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1020 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. Mood swings include episodes of highs and lows; these are known as mania and depressive episodes. Bipolar is a disorder that affects men and woman equally and affects around 1 in 100 adults. Symptoms usually start during or after adolescents and rarely start after the age of 40 (Royal CollegeRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words   |  7 PagesBisecting Bipolar Disorde r Introduction and Background Overview 3.9% of adults in the United States are suffering from bipolar disorder as of 2014 according to the National Institute of Mental Health (Jann, 2014). Although rare, it is still a prevalent disease in the realm of mental health and requires special attention from healthcare providers. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition described by repeated manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. These are severe moods are called episodes of mania and depression, which means a person who suffers from bipolar disorder might be extremely excited and happy one day, and extremely depressed the next day. In some cases, depressive or manic episodes last weeks, and in some cases these episodes last days. People who suffer fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of bipolar disorder will not only describe in detail the symptoms and affects of this mood disorder, but it will also include the advantages, disadvantages of the treatment and medications, and the major role that medications take. Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depression are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percent

Essay about The Human Right Violations at Abu Ghraib

The Human Right Violations at Abu Ghraib In 1949, the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War was created to prohibit immoral, cruel and degrading punishment toward prisoners during wartime. The United States ratified this covenant and became a member of the Geneva Conventions. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, a series of human abuses occurred from October through December of 2003 where American military personnel have conducted acts of brutality and immoral behavior toward Iraqi detainees at the Abu Ghraib prison. The inhumane â€Å"interrogation method† of the American military have clearly violated Article 2 and 4 of the Geneva Conventions. Article 2.2 states â€Å"No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state†¦show more content†¦The responsibility of this failure is institutional as well as personal at higher levels. Abu Ghraib and the Root Causes of Abuse When President Bush declared the War on Terror after the incident of September 11, 2001, he was declaring a new kind of war on a different kind of enemy. The al-Qaeda terrorist group who were responsible for the destruction of World Trade Center is organized differently than any enemy that the U.S. has faced before. Since the terrorists were determined to target large numbers of American civilians, the Bush administration issued a memorandum which declared the Geneva Conventions cannot apply to unconventional combatants such as al-Qaeda, it states â€Å" I accept the legal conclusion of the Department of Justice and determine that none of the provisions of Geneva apply to our conflict with al Qaeda in Afghanistan or elsewhere through the world because; among other reasons al Qaeda is not a High Contracting Party to Geneva. (Bush 2002)† In 2002, the Office of Legal Counsel responded to the President’s request of exploring the question whether American officials have the right to use torture against suspected terrorists. Assistant Attorney General Jay S. Bybee of the Office of Legal Counsel not only legalized the use of torture for U.S. officials but also defined torture in the narrowest way. He defines torture as inflicting physical pain, or any serious physical injury such as failure of organs or at the mostShow MoreRelatedWhat Can Social Psychology Teach Us About What Happened At Abu Ghraib? Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesabout what happened at Abu Ghraib? By Mandy Stead During the Iraq war that between 2003 and 2006, the united states army committed a series of human rights violations against prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison near Bagdad. The violations included murder, sexual and physical abuse, rape, torturer, sodomy, humiliating and dehumanizing prisoners. In 2004 the abuse that was carried out was exposed by the publication of images that were taken by the soldiers that carried out the violations. This paper will beRead MoreSocial Structure And Anomie : Merton995 Words   |  4 PagesConcept of Anomie and the Abuse at Abu Ghraib, Mestrovic and Lorenzo state that Durkheim’s ideas on anomie help to explain the abuse at Abu Ghraib. During the war in Iraq in 2003, the U.S. military committed many human rights violation at Abu Ghraib, these violations included physical abuse, sexual abuse, rape, and murder. This situation strangely received support from the media in the United States. They argue that the dysfunction and disorganization at Abu Gh raib was so great that breaking of normsRead MoreDr. Zimbardo s The Lucifer Effect 1491 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion, law, war, race, superiority, superstition and various other reasons. Our history is overflowing with blood poured out sometimes for heroic deeds but often for a means to gain power. I have often speculated on the reason behind these violations of human dignity and killing, when every religion and social culture promotes good will and condemns evil. So what makes ‘good people’ turn the corner between good and evil? We often see evil as an outside force interrupting our lives! We considerRead MoreTorture And Dehumanization Of The Holocaust And Abu Ghraib2026 Words   |  9 PagesDehumanization in the Holocaust and Abu Ghraib Throughout time, torture has been used as a cruel war tactic to exploit human beings and dehumanize the characteristics that give people their identities outside of prison walls. In Rena s Promise: A Story of Sisters in Auschwitz, Rena Kornreich tells her own accounts of the torture she experienced by both men and women during World War II. Similarly, Coco Fusco sheds light on the use of torture by women in the United States Abu Ghraib military scandal in A FieldRead MoreAmnesty International ( Ai )923 Words   |  4 Pagesof the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other internationally recognized human rights standards (Our Mission, 2015).† In order to do this AI publishes research, takes actions that get the attention of governments and policy makers, and advocate for the advancement of human rights (Our Mission, 2015). It is on these three fronts that I have focused my research. First and foremost, AI publishes information about human rights and human strugglesRead MoreThe Professional Army As A Profession1134 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Non-Commissioned Officers. The fluctuating opinions of the professional Army was mostly due to social definitions of a professional, and the Army’s ability to meet its criteria. The Army is a profession because it requires specialized skills and human expertise, establishes ethical behavior for its members, and contain members who embrace and are stewards of the culture. The Army is a profession because it requires a collaboration of highly training Soldiers who possess specialized skills thatRead MoreEssay about How Should Prisoners of War be Treated?3167 Words   |  13 PagesFriedman counter poses the present-day United States’s treatment of prisoners of war against the more compassionate way that Washington and his soldiers dealt with British and Hessian prisoners of war. Washington believed that every combatant had the right to surrender peacefully. Because of Washington’s treatment of prisoners of war, Friedman contends that â€Å"George Washington and the American soldiers and civilians fighting alongside him in the New Jersey campaign not only reversed the momentum of aRead MoreThe Effects Of Torture On Human Rights Violations1907 Words   |  8 Pagesthe controversial topic until after the Abu Ghraib incident surfaced in April 2004. The Baghdad Central Prison, formerly known as Abu Ghraib prison was a complex west of B aghdad. During the war in Iraq, US armed forces committed a number of human rights violations, including â€Å"pouring phosphorus liquid on detainees, pouring cold water on naked detainees, beating detainees† (Hersh) and committing other psychological, physical, and sexual abuses. At the Abu Ghraib prison, military officials abused detaineesRead MoreThe Lai Massacre And The Vietnam War1186 Words   |  5 Pagesin My Lai were held separately from the Nuremberg trails because officials wanted to avoid creating parallels between the two events. However, parallels can be drawn with American conduct in Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay. Troops who were in violation of international law and committed war crimes in Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay were not held accountable for their action to their full extent. In fact, those who were convicted were not necessarily charged with war crimes. This leads us to question whether

Single Gender Schools free essay sample

Nowadays, more and more people have noticed the phenomena that girls have been overtaking boys. The proportion of boys going to colleges is becoming smaller and smaller. Girls have been seeing doing better in different levels of the school. Therefore, a question being raised by the public is that between co-education and single-sex education, which will benefit our children more? As a student, I strongly believe that the latter is a good choice. Gender-based classes can improve our academic achievement through proper approaches suitable for our learning styles, foster better behaviors through promotion of role models and encourage us to explore who we truly are. As everyone acknowledges that each person has his own learning style, the learning style between boys and girls is not an exception, they are every different due to their physical and metal development. The development of boys’ reading ability is slower than girls’. Boys tend to be more active than girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Gender Schools or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When boys know the answer they can’t wait to shout it out, in stead of girls would rather just understand and know the reason. The uneven development attributes to their different learning styles. For the better achievement, separating girls and boys to adapt approaches that fit their learning styles is the best way we can do. For example, in my grade one classroom, it seems like a disaster for boys to sit down to read, even the story they loved to listen. To girls, reading is such a relax thing to do. Both sides can’t have what they need the most, because I have to stay in the middle to look after each side obtain some but not too much. On the other hand, single-sex class using proper methods can provide what the student need most, and help them to achieve their potential. Furthermore, in single-sex classes, girls will have female teachers and boys own male teachers for their core courses. To students, teachers are more than just teach their knowledge; they are role models of students. In high school, many girls are shied away from physics, they are held back by the social expectations that girls are not good at science. The impact of role models in student’s life can never be under stated. The single-sex class can promote and reinforce this impact. Through their teachers, the students can know better what they are expecting to do and who they want to be. The better behaviors will be shaped by observing their role models having same gender. When students become teenagers, they care more about their images than their test scores. In co- education classrooms girls worry that they are not going to be invited to the right parties if they speak up too much. Boys try to draw attention from opposite gender even things are stupid. While in single-sex classes, the situation is far more simple. Students don’t have to pay too much attention about if they are popular, boys can play flute without worrying being called geeks. And girls can be clever as they want. They can explore who they want to be freely. Single-sex education has advantages that co-education can’t reach. Single-sex class provides better circumstance that teachers can tailor their teaching to suit students’ learning styles, improve students’ academic performance and develop conductive skills and personalities.

Detailed Sample report on Enron and Whistleblowers

Executive Summary Individual to Individual accounting blended with the utilization of SPES made Enron look monetarily solid when it really was dying, draining seriously. Misdirecting data was given to the financial specialists because of the bookkeeping framework, which inevitably prompt diminishing stock cost when the data about this began to surface. The financial specialists expected that Andersen's certificates of precision and application of fitting bookkeeping methodology would be free and without any clashes of investment. In any case, this was not the case and the speculators were swindled by depending upon reports that were provided by Andersen. At the same point of time, Andersen was a real business accomplice of Enron and a few executives of Andersen acknowledged employments from Enron. This was a clash of investment. Furthermore, in March 2002, Andersen was discovered liable of impeding equity by annihilating Enron related inspecting documents. One may think this was simply a matter of time rather than an inquiry concerning in the event that they would escape with it. At some point or another more of the awful ventures must be addressed in light of its incredible sizes furthermore on the grounds that eventually it had to demonstrate that there were short of genuine trade in for cold hard currency the organization. Whistle-blowing has picked up new reputation since the corporate outrages not long ago. In spite of the fact that whistle-blowing was a while ago perceived as a key element in extortion prevention by such bodies as the US Congress, the US Merit Systems Protection Board and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread way Commission, more late enactment gives informants expanded access to reporting channels and also expanded legitimate security. A moral society is important to avoid and oversee whistleblowing. Numerous creators address the essentialness of making a hierarchical society that backings moral values through an implicit rules. On the off chance that worker reporting is a paramount wellspring of data for misrepresentation location and prevention, then the examination of all whistle-passing up the review panel and official administration. In any case, surviving exploration demonstrates that individuals view interchanges got from nameless people as less reliable and as less credible source believability has been demonstrated to be a vital component in examiners' judgment and choice making courses of action; data from less sound sources may be reduced Introduction This report have been divided into two parts i.e. Part A which discusses about famous Enrons scandal its causes and effects While Part B focusses about the legislation of Australia and Whistleblowing. At the time of Enron's breakdown, it was the greatest corporate insolvency ever to hit the fiscal world. From that point forward WorldCom, Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual have surpassed Enron as the biggest corporate liquidations. The Enron embarrassment attracted consideration regarding book keeping and corporate extortion, as its shareholders lost $74 billion in the four years paving the way to its chapter 11 in US book of bankruptcy, and its workers lost billions in benefits and profits. A critical part of responsibility and transparency is a component to empower all people to voice concerns inside in a mindful and powerful way when they find data which they accept shows genuine misbehavior. Counsel goes to the heart of the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ society, and keeps away from an individual needing to determination a troublesome moral circumstance alone. Staff ought to in the first example consider counseling their line director, or Service Line Leader. In the event that uncomfortable about raising the matter through the firms typical reporting channels or with their human assets contact, they may need to look for aid from this whistleblowing approach. Whistleblowing strategy is consequently essential to the firms proficient trustworthiness. Furthermore, it strengthens the worth the firm places on staff in all honesty and regarded parts of their individual callings. It gives a strategy for legitimately tending to true blue worries that people inside the firm may have, while likewise offering informants assurance from exploitation, badgering or disciplinary transactions. It ought to be underlined that this strategy is expected to support people who accept they have found negligence or dishonor. It is not intended to question monetary or business choices taken by the firm nor if it be utilized to rethink any matters which have been examined under the provocation, grievance or disciplinary arrangements. Part A Section A Corporate culture of Enron contributed to its bankruptcy? As per Albert Camus "A man without morals is a wild mammoth loosed upon this world" from the start, Enron resembles a super-size outline of the rotten one among the ready ones. It anticipated itself as money related of Business Ethics. On December 2.2001 Enron Corp. Documented the biggest insolvency in U.s history because of numerous deceptive issues. The 'Enron Scandal' stunned the world. Enron had a staggering emanation of pride and conveyed with it the profound situated conviction that its kin could deal with expanding danger without any outcomes. The society pushed insatiability and concentrated on the amount cash could be made for executives. Case in point Enron's recompense arrangements appeared to be less concerned with producing benefits for shareholders than with improving Company's riches. Enron's corporate society apparently energized profiteering. The Enron breakdown has sent shockwaves everywhere throughout the money related world and brought up genuine issues with respect to corporate legislation. The Enron chapter 11 is turning into the most well-known and exceedingly plugged insolvency case ever. There are quantities of unscrupulous issues that help Enron to its insolvency. They are as takes after: Disgraceful Accounting: One of the significant explanation for of its insolvency was despicable bookkeeping framework. (Enron's attorneys in august 2001) the organization utilized degenerate bookkeeping measures to make their benefits .Although these practices created more ideal money related picture, outside onlookers accepted they may constitute deceitful budgetary reporting on the grounds that they didn't faultlessly speak to the organization's actual fiscal condition. Case in point the organization built the exceptional reason elements (Spes) to move the advantages and obligation of its monetary record and build money stream by indicating through its books when it sold stakes. Concealing the misfortunes and swelling benefits: The Company has a money stream of negative sum $154 million, Enron asserted of 3 million in its money stream Awful Communication-: Delivering the terrible news. Misleading the different stakeholders, the budgetary proclamations conceal the groundbreaking misfortunes to their Stockholders. Stock investigators were regularly ambiguous and didn't indicate their operation expense and their funds. Deceiving the fiscal reports-: The chapter 11 documenting came in the wake of uncovering that Enron utilized (Spes), Special Purpose Entities. SPE's shrouded misfortunes. Enron utilized (Spes) to move stakes and obligations off its accounting report. This empowers build in its Cash Flow. Poor business and bookkeeping methods energized voracity. Unregulated private associations (Spe's) to tackle obligations. In excess of 5000 Enron workers lost their occupation because of Top Management's voracity. Enron's VP Sherron Watkins reliably sent reports out to the then Chairman laying out ill-advised bookkeeping techniques utilized. The most serious issue was that Enron outsourced its inward review capacity. It outsourced both its inward and outer reviewing capacity to Arthur Andersen. The corporate Culture at Enron could have helped its chapter 11 from numerous points of view. Its corporate society backed unscrupulous conduct without inquiry the length of the conduct brought about financial addition for the organization. It was depict as having a society of self-importance that persuaded that they could deal with progressively more serious danger without experiencing any danger. Its society did little to push the estimations of admiration and trustworthiness it rather remunerated "advancement" and rebuffed representatives esteemed week. The execution assessment process for workers that was named "rank and yank" used companion assessments, and each of the organization's divisions was subjective compelled to flame the least positioning representatives. This made cut-throat rivalry against Enrons outside rivals as well as inside the association. It pitched representatives against one another. The interior competition made thusly helped less correspondence between ope rations for reasons for alarm of being terminated. The "survival for the fittest" air arrived at the point where unlawful action was considered important to stay on top of the game. Enrons recompense arranges likewise appeared to be less concerned with producing benefits for shareholders than with enhancing officer riches. Its society energized displaying the tenets and actually breaking them. All these parts of the corporate society at Enron helped independently to its inevitable liquidation Section B - Did bankers, auditors, and attorneys contribute to Enron's demise? Yes the attorneys, auditors and bankers helped Enron's death. This is because they brought sides with Enron's administration as opposed to acting impartial and professionally. They helped in Enron's end in the accompanying ways:- Merrill Lynch - Banker Despite the fact that the bank knew there was an issue with Enron accounts its own financiers. Their under composing feeling on obligation issue sold to people in general to demonstrate that without the brokers Enron will never remained its plan on the contributing open . JPMorgan Chase and Citibank were at that point mindful of the expense regulations and would have had hotspots for examined records. These banks issued substantial credits to the organization. They could do so on the grounds that they would then lay off a significant part of the danger through a complex procedure of fiscal designing. While shareholders seek after individual cases against the bank the choice Monday obstructs any mass impact by shareholders recuperates all the parts of loss of $40 billion from a divider road bank that earned a large number of dollars from Enron in keeping money charges. It encouraged Enron to offer Nigerian Barges accordingly making Enron record about $12 million in income and along these lines reach its profit objectives in the year of 1999. It encouraged Enron in deceitfully controlling its wage explanations by entering into an arrangement whereby Enron would purchase Merrill Lynch in 6 months time with an ensured 15% rate of return. Merrill Lynch supplanted an exploration expert after his scope of Enron which displeased Enron's executives. Merrill Lynch offered into dangers by Enron that it would be prohibited from a coming $750 million stock offering and rather, the substitution expert is reported to have overhauled his report on Enron's stock rating. This was dishonest and amateurish. Arthur Andersen LLP - Auditor Enron auditors knew in mid-August from a senior Enron worker's worry about improprieties in the vitality organization's Accounting practices (Washington Jan16) .Arthur Andersen was in charge of guaranteeing the exactness of Enron's money related articulations and inner accounting. Anderson's reports were utilized by potential speculators to judge Enron's money related soundness and future potential before they chose whether to contribute. Current speculators choose if their trusts ought to stays contributed there. Previous CEO Jeffrey Skilling, generally seen as Enron's genius. He was so certain he had perpetrated no wrongdoing that he waived his entitlement to suggestion toward oneself and affirmed before Congress that he was not mindful of any unseemly money related game plan. Jeffrey McMahon told a congressional subcommittee that he had educated Skilling about the organization's off-the-monetary record association in March 2000, when he was Enron's Treasurer. They were in charge of guaranteeing correctness of Enron's money related articulations and inner accounting. Potential financial specialists utilized Andersen's reports to judge Enron's money related soundness and future potential before they chose whether to contribute. Current speculators utilized those reports to choose if their trusts ought to stay contributed there. Thusly, the financial specialists expected that Andersen's certificates of precision and application of fitting bookkeeping methodology would be free and without any c lashes of investment. This was a clash of investment. Furthermore, in March 2002, Andersen was discovered liable of impeding equity by annihilating Enron related inspecting documents. Moreover, Andersen neglected to ask Enron to clarify its mind boggling associations before confirming Enron's fiscal proclamations. This was simply dishonest and amateurish. Andersen were assuming an extremely essential part of guaranteeing that the budgetary articulations and accounting is faultless and if they have assumed their part well as experts, then Enron ought not have fell. Lawyers Vinson Elkins In the occasions paving the way to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enquiry, Enron's workers shredded paramount reports to keep any arrangements. They served to structure some of Enron's uncommon reason organizations. The firm upheld the legitimateness of these arrangements. They were an incredible facilitator of these arrangements through transaction supposition letters. As seen from the article, these arrangements are the ones that helped the death of Enron. Part B Section A Whistleblower protection in Australia A few states and domains have some type of informant insurance enactment. These incorporate the South Australian Whistleblowers Protection Act 1993, the Queensland Whistleblower Protection Act 1994, the ACT Public Interest Disclosure Act 1994, and the NSW Protected Disclosures Act 1994. Western Australia has the more constrained Official Corruption Commission Act 1988. Others have considered or are considering the presentation of comparative enactment. It is significant that the Australian Acts concentrate on whistleblowing by open segment workers just. For instance, the Queensland Whistleblower Protection Act 'gives exceptional insurance [in general society interest] to revelations about unlawful, careless or ill-advised open area conduct'. The NSW Protected Disclosures Act is planned to 'give security to open authorities revealing degenerate direct, maladministration and waste in the general population segment'. The ACT Public Interest Disclosure Act empowers 'the divulgence of behavior unfavorable to people in general enthusiasm toward the general population division'. In an as often as possible experienced perspective, informants are persons who render open division negligence obvious and in this manner demonstration in people in general enthusiasm by strengthening open area responsibility. As one examiner put it, 'open division workers ought not to need endure defilement due to fear of what may happen in the event that they stand up. Just as, the citizen ought not to need to keep on bearing the expenses of debasement in light of the fact that degenerate people have scared eyewitnesses into quiet' (Zipparo 1999, 83). This perspective is reflected in enactment which limits informant security to open part specialists. This brings up issues in the matter of whether informant laws are proposed just ever to address concerns in people in general segment and, provided that this is true, under what conditions. It might be that administrations have chosen not to force administrative informant security necessities on the private segment. For this situation, one might want to know whether the expectation of the enactment really is to ensure whistleblowing workers essentially, or to delimit the conditions under which assurance will be offered to open division laborers who report what they accept to be misbehavior. How compelling are the administrative measures? America presented informant insurance enactment in 1978 that had the impact of making 20 percent of government workers more hesitant to report misbehavior because of dread of work environment retaliations. This was on account of restorative activity against retaliations happened for one and only percent of retaliation grievances, thus showed to others the trouble of giving successful backlash insurance. Undoubtedly, one author has alluded to whistleblowing as the 'honey bee sting wonder' - one sting and after that pass on. One late article reported that in North America, corporate misuse of informants stays incessant and defensive enactment is at times insufficient or might be subverted. In spite of the section of the Queensland Whistleblowers Protection Act in 1994, a 1997 study held that in light of the fact that all the fixings that had acted to deter open part whistleblowing in the early 1990s stayed set up, including casual authorizations, a society of mystery and trepidation, and tyrant administration polishes - there was motivation to accept that an atmosphere hostile to whistleblowing kept on existing to the time of its composition. It reasoned that the terms 'responsible', 'moral', and 'work environment popular government' were 'influential markers in a false geology of accord and forethought'. In NSW, an investigation of 800 state open part workers' consciousness of components for reporting debasement, confidence in informant security, and faith in their association's readiness to give insurance, was led by ICAC. It found that two thirds of the representatives overviewed said they had not known about the Protected Disclosures Act, presented two years beforehand. Attention to the Act's presence differed by occupation grouping level: about 80 percent of groups 1-4 , and almost 60 percent of groups 5-12 - segment administrators or more - had not become aware of it. In entirety, there is motivation to uncertainty the adequacy of current informant security enactment, especially provided for its constrained domain. With respect to the contribution of administrative powers, Quentin Dempster has noted the likelihood that informant enactment 'could be controlled or utilized as a gadget of further "harm control." In short, the informant may just get "assurance" in the event that he or she keeps the data they have secret to the whistleblowing receipt power'. This raises the likelihood that 'responsibility structures themselves can get to be a piece of an example of organized concealment, or what [has been] portrayed as "administrative catch" - the catch of the [regulatory] organization intended to authorize the standards by the personal stakes intended to submit to them'. Secrecy is hazardous in light of the fact that it makes ensured revelation (and maybe examination itself) incomprehensible. It is paramount that some privately owned businesses have figured out how to beat the craving for obscurity by showing great confidence in the examination of informant charges. I have not yet discovered a report of such an accomplishment inside people in general segment writing. In whole, existing administrative measures ought to be seen basically as a screen or security net, particularly in an open division connection, however the enactment in itself does not advertise whistleblowing and can't be expected to give powerful assurance even to open investment revelations. Authoritative unwaveringness and unfaithfulness The significant issue in whistleblowing is that of hierarchical dependability. Clash can emerge in the middle of individual and hierarchical qualities, and between unwaveringness to one's association and to society. Yet an individual does not so much blow the whistle on an association in general. While truly large portions of the more promoted instances of whistleblowing have come about because of worries about what an association or an arm of an association was doing -, for example, taking part in faulty contractual, natural, business, or security rehearses, numerous lesser cases of whistleblowing have constituted endeavors to change individual demonstrations of misbehavior. In these cases, the estimations of the informant were both in accordance with the upheld estimations of the association and the spurring reason for them standing up. A critical issue is whether there are individual attributes or identity sorts that may be more slanted to blow the whistle on hierarchical negligence. There have been a few endeavors to distinguish social or mental qualities that may empower the distinguishment of potential informants, or the marking of them as hierarchical degenerates, extending from displeased or self-intrigued grumblers to solid willed high achievers with universalistic qualities and abnormal amounts of self-regard. On the other hand, a broad investigation of American informants found no critical socio-demographic qualities that may recognize informants from non-informants. Sexual orientation, conjugal status, instructive accomplishment, religiosity, number of advancements, and supervisory status were all unessential in this admiration. Further, there was no backing for the presence of a whistleblowing identity, but to note that people with more universalistic qualities were more inclined to report negligence remotely. The more that associations look for workers who esteem moral behavior, then, the more noteworthy the probability that they will get representatives who anticipate that the association will try to do it says others should do. Section B Effectiveness of Whistleblowing in Australia Whistleblowing includes the revelation of data in general society interest, commonly to uncover uncalled for behavior, defilement, botch of open assets, or lead that includes danger of damage, partiality or mischief to the general nature's domain. Most Australian states have received some type of whistleblowing enactment with a specific end goal to kill shameful and unlawful direct in people in general segment, encourage and empower open divulgence and give assurance to the individuals who make exposures. Informants are ostensibly secured under enactment from criminal or common obligation, release or break of secrecy, and their character is additionally kept classified. Generally speaking, in any case, the security for informants has verifiably been feeble in Australia. In the meantime, it is entrenched that the expenses to informants of making revelations under present laws are about constantly high. They are generally assaulted by those they uncover and here and there by governments themselves; they frequently lose their employments and they are in some cases arraigned. Solid laws to give autonomous organizations to which informants can turn, and to ensure informants from retaliation are accordingly of significant significance. A study by Griffith University found that while 80 for every penny of Australian representatives feel generally obliged whistleblowing on wrongdoing in their associations, just 49 for every penny felt their chiefs would be not kidding about securing them and just 33 for every penny of government open servants. "No one in Australia much likes informants, especially in an association like the police or the administration." This announcement is credited to the previous NSW Police Commissioner, Tony Lauer in the years of 1990s, and to a great extent summed up the authority government and police disposition towards informants amid that period. Quick forward to 2012 and a review by Griffith University found that while 80 for every penny of Australian workers feel by and by obliged to blow the whistle on wrongdoing in their associations, just 49 for every penny felt their directors would be not kidding about ensuring them and just 33 for every penny of government open servants. There are a few laws that executives need to be mindful of. The Stop Line, a private business administration, has a rundown of significant enactment on its site. One bit of enactment which is of specific importance to organization executives is Part 9.4aaa of the Corporations Act 2001, 'Security for Whistleblowers' in connection to breaks of partnerships enactment. At the time of composing, the Senate Standing Committee on Economics was required to inspect 'the securities managed by ASIC to corporate and private informants', as a major aspect of its investigation into the execution of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Existing Australian Whistleblower insurance laws on a state and region level need consistency, making a boulevard for conceivable provisos and exceptions. So as to address this absence of consistency, the Federal Government started considering the acquaintance a national law with ensure Whistleblowers in general society area. Rather than the Australian whistleblowing assurance framework, the US Whistleblower insurance laws are more develop and comprise of number of Federal and State tenets and regulations, including some broadly referred to Acts, for example, Lloyd-La Follette (1912), Sarbanes-Oxley (2002), and Dodd-Frank (2010). Despite the fact that some of these Acts are considered to negate one another, these and different laws have turned out to be powerful by and large in giving legitimate security to workers (from both open and private parts) who point out infringement, help with authorization processes, et cetera. The Whistleblower Protection laws had been modified and refined about whether in the US because of corporate extortion cases, for example, Enron and World On the off chance that executives need to guarantee their whistleblowing project is sufficiently hearty, inside strategies (e.g. secured exposure arrangements) and methods (counting those identifying with the examination of exposures made by informants) ought to be backed by a preparation and mindfulness project to teach administration and staff about whistleblowing. To be powerful, associations that execute informant projects ought to guarantee: The project is underpinned by significant approaches, including a Protected Disclosure approach, Investigation Code of Conduct and Response Plan It is overall conveyed over the association, including extortion mindfulness preparing projects, actuation courses, and consistent updates, for example, blurbs and pop up screens All reports are analyzed and, unless plainly paltry, completely examined and, where proper, informants are kept advised of the advancement and aftereffect of the examination Informants (unless not acting in accordance with some basic honesty) are secured from any unfavorable activities, including disappointment to push, exchange or general tormenting/intimidation from others Suitable move is made against any person that is found to be doing a wrong thing, including informing the local authorities in cases where criminal action is recognized. Total aftereffects of examinations are conveyed to staff; now and again, individual matters ought to likewise be imparted e.g. inward misrepresentation activity Simple entry for example without toll telephone lines, web get to, day in and day out accessibility Reports are given to the board. While viable informant projects can have a genuine effect on the nature of corporate influence, there is doubtlessly there is a plenty of situations where the individuals who have had the bravery to approach, have endured antagonistically in view of immediate striking back or absence of activity by associations, governments and/or controllers. Conclusion The Fate of Enron shook the whole US economy and its worldwide impression of a generally checked and moral economy. The outrage made the powers understand the significance of morals and essentialness of Internal Control ready to go endeavors. It likewise helped comprehend the true significance of Shareholder's Wealth Maximization and the limits inside which this key goal is to be attained. Enron's hazy fiscal explanations and records helped cover the genuine and ignoble destiny of its speculator's cash. At the time of Enron's breakdown, it was the greatest corporate insolvency ever to hit the fiscal world. From that point forward WorldCom, Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual have surpassed Enron as the biggest corporate liquidations. The Enron embarrassment attracted consideration regarding bookkeeping and corporate extortion, as its shareholders lost $74 billion in the four years paving the way to its chapter 11, and its workers lost billions in benefits profits. Therefore in 2002 , US economies go head to head with reality resultant corporate bookkeeping outrages like Enron, Tyco, WorldCom and so forth, the Corporate and Auditing Accountability, Responsibility, and Transparency Act was presented/introduced. Each demonstration of whistleblowing happens in a particular lawful, hierarchical, and social setting, which is likely to fundamentally color the desires of the discloser, the results of a given revelation, and the demeanor of anybody influenced by it. Thus, the experience of informants in the United States in the 1990s, or anyplace else, can't be thought to be specifically applicable to the knowledge of informants in another ward or association in 2008. There gives off an impression of being no genuine recommendation that workers who really uncover debasement, misrepresentation, robbery, criminal behavior, misuse of office, genuine danger to open wellbeing and wellbeing, authority unfortunate behavior, maladministration, or avoidable wastage of an association's assets ought not to be entitled viable security from countering for so doing. Actually, associations which neglect to secure veritable informants, and allow, or take, retaliation activity against them, progressively confront, at the very least, extreme open reprimand, whats more may moreover chance legitimate activity focused around disappointment to give a safe work environment. A moral society is important to avoid and oversee whistleblowing. Numerous creators address the essentialness of making a hierarchical society that backings moral values through an implicit rules. Likewise, bases are required to make the qualities and standards acceptable to the representatives who ought to help them. Whistle blowing is frequently the consequence of an authoritative society that fails to offer the responsibility for its embraced qualities. References Beatty, J. (2008) The World According to Peter Drucker: The Life and Work of the Worlds Greatest Management Thinker (London: Orion Business Books). Berenson, A. (2009) The Number: How the Drive for Quarterly Earnings Corrupted Wall Street and Corporate America (New York: Random House). Flegm, E. H. (2012) Accounting: How to Meet the Challenges of Relevance and Regulation (New York: John Wiley). Henderson, S. K. (2010) Henderson on Derivatives (London: Lexis/Nexis). Partnoy, F. (2013) Infectious Greed: How Deceit and Risk Corrupted the Financial Markets (New York: Times Books). Posner, R. A. (2009) The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press). Shavell, S. (2012) Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press). Swan, E. J. (2013) Building the Global Market: 4000 Year History of Derivatives (The Hague: Kluwer Law International). Toffler, B. L. and J. Reingold (2012), Financial Accounting: Ambition, Greed, and the Fall of Arthur Andersen (New York: Broadway Books) Aristotle (2011) The Nicomachean Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Bowie James H. Schaub and Karl Pavlovic (2011) The Browns Ferry Case" inEngineering Professionalism and Ethics, edited by, and published byJohn Wiley Sons. McGory, Mary (2008)."Whistle Blower Under Fire".Boca Raton News: 4. Atlas, Riva D. (2011)."John M. Gravitt, 61, a Pioneer In Lawsuits by Whistle-Blowers".The New York Times. Bucy, Pamela H. (2010).Health Care Fraud. Law Journal Seminars Press. pp.456.1. Caminker, Evan (2009)."The Constitutionality of Qui Tam Actions".The Yale Law Journal99(2): 341388.

Hamlet`S Soliloquies Essays - British Films, English-language Films

Hamlet`S Soliloquies The soliloquies spoken by Hamlet were directed to the audience, rather than seeming like conversations with himself. In the first soliloquy, Hamlet talks about how aggravated at life he is and that if it werent for Gods laws he would commit suicide. He is not really morning his fathers death in this soliloquy but more his disgust for his mother for marring his uncle especially a few months after his fathers death. He then goes on to explain he must remain silent. He is explaining to the audience that nothing can undo the situation to make it any better. But that isnt good enough for Hamlet. Something has to be done. This soliloquy sparks an interest in the reader and provides a glimpse into Hamlets thoughts while informing the audience of the history of his familys tribulations. In the second soliloquy Hamlet calls on the audience, the distracted globe, to hear his vow to get revenge on his uncle and to erase all from his mind except that of what the ghost had informed him of. The ghost, Hamlets father, had explained to him that Claudius had killed him and his soul couldnt rest until revenge was brought onto his brother. The audience hears Hamlets promise to make Claudius pay for his murderous ways. Already, the audience is excited by hearing Hamlets promise because it is giving them something to look forward to. In the third soliloquy, Hamlet admits to the audience he is a coward; What an ass am I! He then goes on to tell the audience of his new idea to help draw the truth out of Claudius. He believes that the theater can make a person experience real emotion. He finds this remarkable that something fictional can create a reality. But Hamlet admits that he is not sure if the ghost said to be his father is really who he says to be and not the creation of Satan. Now the audience is aware of Hamlets concerns and maybe what has been holding him back from taking action. But the prince decides to feed on Claudiuss conscience by having the players reenact the murder of his father. Then it is up to Claudiuss reaction to prove to Hamlet that what the ghost spoke of was in fact the truth. Now the audience had even more of a build up of what is to come. The best-known soliloquy, the fourth, is not as passionate but more subdued. With this speech, Hamlet is not just talking about taking his own life but more the choice that is put before man between accepting insults and pain from the world or fighting back at it. Hamlet poses the question To be or not to be. Hamlet seems to search for some kind of meaning to life which is something each individual in the audience has contemplated before too. Hamlet seeks to find an answer we all have yearned to know; is there life after death and if so, is the life he leads now any better? Should Hamlet right the wrong his uncle has made? That is what he is asking himself. If he does he will himself be making a morally unjust decision that would weigh down his own conscience. The audience is able to relate with this; everyone has been faced with a moral dilemma more than once in his or her life. Thus conscience does make cowards of us all. The audience in hearing these words from Hamlet sees that Ha mlet is incapable of revenge. The audience is always being included in Hamlets thinking process through the use of soliloquies. By involving the audience in the protagonists thoughts it helps the real meaning of the play shine through. The audience is told of past events without a narration that can sometimes take away from the play itself. The main characters thoughts are not always obvious to the audience. By Shakespeares writings, the audience is always aware of Hamlets current state of mind. Book Reports

The Georgia Colony was one of the 13 original colo Essays

The Georgia Colony was one of the 13 original colo Essays The Georgia Colony was one of the 13 original colonies in America. The 13 original colonies were divided up into three regions including the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The Georgia Colony was one of the Southern Colonies which also included the Maryland Colony, the Virginia Colony, the North Carolina Colony and the South Carolina Colony. The Georgia Colony was the last of the 13 original colonies to be established. It was founded in 1732 by several colonists including James Oglethorpe. The Georgia Colony was named after King George II of England, as specified by the king himself in the charter granting the colony . Some of the struggles colonists faced were shortages of food, adjusting to the new climate, and in the first summer many people died of yellow fever . Most people in colonial Georgia were small farmers. Each family was given a small farm, which descended to the male heir. The people were somewhat isolated from the rest of the colonies, and mail hardly reached Georgia, especially farther from the coast. There weren't roads to connect settlers, and the only town was the small village of Savannah. I n colonial Georgia, women worked hard cooking, cleaning, raising vegetables, spinning wool and yarn and raising children. They also knitted clothing, like stockings and sweaters, and they made their own soap and candles. Women were also tasked with milking cows, churning milk to make butter and gathering berries and nuts as additional food sources. Some fun facts about colonial Georgia are that Georgia's original name was Province of Georgia. Georgia was the last American colony founded , nearly 50 years after the other 12. Georgia's capital has moved four times since it was founded. Georgia went through many hardships. Colonist struggled with the summer heat, and did not have much land to work with. Women had it especially hard because they had to raise their children while doing many different tasks. This last American colony to be founded has managed to survive after all their hardships and isolation from the other colonies.

Literature Review and Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a

And Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a dietician and occupational therapist will maintain a he - Literature review Example To date there is no known cure for the disease even though there are various methods which slow down its advance and thus assists the patients in relieving some of the signs. It is a terminal disease which incurable and leads to death (Innes, Kelly and McCabe, 2012, p. 104). Extra intervention of a dietician and an occupational therapist will ultimately maintain a healthy body mass index and improve quality of life, depression and dyskinesia in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease. This literature review and research paper will take a deep comprehensive study on the vital important role that the dieticians and the occupational therapist play in the slowing down on the effects and symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Small and Vorgan, 2011, p. 124). This paper summarizes the specific approaches to the maintenance of a healthy body mass index in the patient whereas taking into consideration the other aspects of good health which include improvement of the qualit y of life, significant reduction of depression and dyskinesia (McDonald, 2010, p. 32). This paper will take into account the world-class recommendations that a dietician will highly recommend regarding certain foods which the Alzheimer’s patient will eat so that the symptoms of the disease are significantly reduced (Pulsford and Thompson, 2012, p. 129). Notable recommendations will also be highlighted regarding the advice that an occupational therapist would outmost recommend to the patient. A detailed overview on what the patient should do to reduce these symptoms are noted whereas providing very valuable advice on how the patients health will improve taking in to consideration the patient’s body mass index, superior life quality and an overall reduction in depression and dyskinesia (Downs and Bowers, 2008, p. 58). Literature Review Alzheimer’s disease has in the recent past turned out to be a widespread dementia complication among old people in the society. As defined, Alzheimer’s disease is the general loss of cognitive functioning which includes reduced reasoning, remembering, and thinking ability. Alzheimer’s disease is also presumed to be an irreversible and a progressive brain disorder which minimises thinking and memory skills. Moreover, recent researches have also confirmed that, long term existence of Alzheimer’s disease may as well reduce individuals’ ability to carry out some of the simplest jobs (Basak, Boot, Kraemer and Voss 2008, p. 777). Based on the available statistics, Alzheimer’s disease is in most cases apparent among people who are above 60 years of age. Compared to traditional society, contemporary societies have witnessed significant increased in cases of Alzheimer’s disease (Vance, McNees and Meneses, 2009, p. 51). In the extreme cases, Alzheimer’s disease is as well affecting young people. The side effects and magnitude of Alzheimer’s disease is with time tur ning out to be very severe and in some cases Alzheimer’s disease has reported to cause deaths. The contemporary nature and side effects of Alzheimer’s disease have forced health researchers and thinkers to undertake intensive researches to identify the main cause of the disease as well as the most cost effective and efficiency means of dealing with the problem (Ziere, Dieleman, Hofman, Pols, Cammen and Stricker, 2007, p. 223). The subsequent literature review is intended at examining how the extra intervention of a dietician and occupational ther

Several Topics(Marketing 301) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Several Topics(Marketing 301) - Essay Example These compose the type of wholesalers who basically buy a large amount of product and later on resell them to the retailers. The other type is called, functional intermediaries who are responsible in speeding up the transaction between the retailers and the producers or manufacturers for a certain amount of compensation. Wholesale intermediaries are responsible for customers to have the product that they need. Without these wholesalers, people would need to buy straight from the manufacturers which is a hassle for both the consumer and the manufacturer. This is a problem, since people would need to buy a small amount of product in different manufacturers which are in different and scattered places. With respect to the possible effect of wholesale intermediaries to retailers, it is actually a mutual benefit for both party. First, the process of transfer of goods would be a lot faster and easier. Retailers would not need to buy product in different manufacturers but instead they could get different products in a single place. Also, since the purchase of product of the wholesaler is usually discounted, retailers could derive the product in a nearer place thus, reducing the amount that could have been spend for transportation if wholesalers are not present. The emergence of internet has helped retailers and wholesalers alike to get to the customers more efficiently. Through the internet, a certain consumer could decide which product he or she would prefer, eliminating the time spent for conversation and explanation that is usually done for the satisfaction of consumers. The emergence of the internet has played a vital role in connecting people from all over the world. With this, people from the other parts of the world could communicate with the retailers or wholesaler about the product which they would want to purchase. Locate advertising for two products that illustrate an effective brand name, brand mark, packaging and overall "trade dress". Explain why you think each product has a strong brand identity. Two products which I think illustrate an effective brand name, brand mark, packaging and overall "trade dress" are Motorola cellular phone and Pepsi Cola. Motorola in its television advertisement have successfully demonstrated the importance of products being just some millimeter in width. The brand mark of the Motorola products are usually slim and innovative cell phones which still functions as competitive as any other cellular phones. The packaging of the product makes one to think that the slimmest of the product could make someone look more important and that it is a millimeter worth wanting. The Pepsi ad which usually shows famous personalities drinking the product has created an impression regarding the products worth. It shows that these famous celebrities are enjoying and are purchasing the product which creates a packaging that if one would drink the product he or she could be at least in the same level as the rich and famous, at least in the brand of cola that one is purch asing. Each product has a strong brand identity because if one would mentions cola, the first thing that would come to mind is usually Pepsi. If one mentions a slim cellular phone, the brand that would pop in the mind would be Motorola. Consider a customer service experience you have had in the last month or so. Was it positive or negative Describe you're experience and then

COMMUNITY HEALTH & POPULATION-FOCUSED NURSING Research Paper

COMMUNITY HEALTH & POPULATION-FOCUSED NURSING - Research Paper Example These and many other distinguishing attributes of community health nursing have evolved in the framework of philosophical and historical contexts on the preventive health care, health as well as professionalization of the nursing industry (Allender & Rector, 2010). More specifically, these roles involve many partnerships and collaboration within populations and communities in order to address the social and health conditions as well as any arising challenges. It is important to realize that community health nursing has developed in the recent past as a special nursing specialty in the time when much expansion in scientific knowledge has been taking place. Additionally, the field has developed because of the public objectives aimed at improving the standards and quality of life in urban environments, giving rise to various aspects of preventive health care that is population oriented. For a long time, public nurses had been viewed as playing a significant role towards achievements in improvements of the social and health conditions of most of the vulnerable populations. This paper examines the aspect of community health nursing in Alameda city of Alameda, focusing on how it has been used in improving the health standards of the inhabitants in the region. In Alameda, community health nursing has been responsible for the improved health and social conditions according to research findings. In this community just like in other places, community health nursing has been applied in various setting, not being limited to centres in charge of community nursing , health agencies in homes, housing developments, neighboring centres among many others. In Alameda, the most vulnerable and high-risk populations, in most cases become the centre of focus when it comes to caring and includes the elderly persons that are frail, homeless

The Trader Joes Marketing Plan Marketing Essay

The Trader Joes Marketing Plan Marketing Essay Trader Joes is one of the most successful grocery store chains in United States. The brand started as a small convenience store in Los Angeles and has grown to be one of the most recognizable brands selling organic and high quality products. The trademark difference between Trader Joes from their competitions, especially Whole Food Market, is stocking and selling the product produced by Trader Joes. By that, they have responsibility on their product and they do not need to pay the fee to any manufactures, or third party companies, so they will keep the price at affordable for the customer. It is undeniable that Trade Joe is widely recognized as one of Americas successful and trustworthy brands. However, due to the high cost of living, consumers today are watching their budget. Through this marketing plan, we want to make Trader Joes a well-known grocery store in youth adult market not only by the high quality product but also by the affordable price to bring in customers, and to successful in the new segment. Introduction The owner, Joe Coulombe, opened trader Joes in 1958 in Pasadena, California. At that time, Trader Joes were named Pronto Markets, the popular convenience stores at that time. In the following decades, Trader Joes expanded to locations throughout the United States. Trader Joes recent annual earnings were estimated to be $9.5 billion in sale in fiscal 2012 (ends June), up about $1 billion from a year earlier. In order to generate such a return of profit, Trader Joes has been using all means to keep down expenses, such as implementing no service departments which may reduce renting costs. Trader Joes sells all types of food and non-food items and is well-known for more than two thousands private-label products under its brand name, which counts for about 70% of the annual sale. Not only selling daily consumed food such as freshly picked and organic fruits and vegetables, bread, milk, juices, Trader Joes also provides other frozen or ready-to-serve products. For instance: spreads, gourmet cheese, frozen meat and other ethnic food ranging from Italian, Hispanic to Chinese, Indian etc. Nonfood items are available as well, such as Trade Joes soap, vitamins, lotions and creams. With alcohol selling permit, like other grocery stores, Trade Joes also carries beer and wine. One of its most famous selections is its wine brand Charles Shaw, which is often called as Two Buck Chuck, because of affordable price. Nowadays, with almost 400 stores across the country, Trade Joes has made its company image as high quality food, a one-stop for all with full of shopping ease and conveniences. Marketing Analysis TARGET MARKET Targeting at office professionals aged 18 to mid-40s with annual income around $35,000 to $60,000 as primary market; Trader Joe is looking at consumers who are in the middle stage of their life. Those would be more ecologically conscious about healthiness of the food they consume. This target market tends to eat locally and spends more on groceries. A lot of them are vegetarians and require their food to be gluten-free. The above primary group is finalized as Trade Jose company adding two sub-groups when studying their target market. The first sub-group is young professionals and the second one is the current target demographics of the growing multinational population and people who tend to buy food from vending machines Trade Joes also plans to have a secondary target market of those born between the early 1980s to early 2000s. This generation is considered in the marketing plan because they are most likely willing to buy healthy and organic products. Since this young population has been adapted to nowadays fast-paced life, they are more critical with time and demand more convenience. CONSUMER/SOCIAL FACTOR On current movement, people prefer the organic and healthy food and they support local business, local farmer market. They willing to go for unique or store brand instead of big brand names as long as it promote healthy products, ingredients, and ethical, green production process. In other hand, the customer now prepares for them enough knowledge about nutrition, so they are so picky on their choice. Moreover, due to the high living cost, the customer also watches their budget for grocery. COMPETITIVE FACTOR The primary competitor of Trader Joes is Whole Food market. Marketing Plan Trader Joes is successful in United States by their high quality product and good service. However, Trader Joes needs specifically targeted marketing goals and strategies in order to succeed in target customer. MARKETING OBJECTIVE Through the marketing plan, Trader Joes will reach their target customer through social media. Moreover, this plan will help the company raise their awareness in new adult, from 18 to 33 years old market by 30 percent over six months period through social media and advertising. MARKETING RESEARCH Trader Joes does not use any kind of advertising form. The company follows their low profile in core philosophy; they eschew advertising agencies and television completely. Trader Joes use their employee and customer serves as an ambassador of the brand, or using the Word by Mouth strategy. Therefore, the company leans on the current customer database and however, they are attracting the new customer in a passive way, especially the young adult who uses social media regularly. PRICING For competitively with other competitors, Trader Joes should have a good pricing strategy. This strategy would keep their product at a competitive price but still have a quality of the product. For some product like grocery, base on the local farm, we can use the discount, or the sale to make the price lower than competitors. SALE PROMOTION For attracting more customers, Trader Joes would have weekly sale promotion in store, and post in the Facebook or Twitter or do The Fearless Flyer. The unique of the Fearless Flyer is in that flyer, Trader Joes not only consists the advertising of their in store promotion at that moment, but also include the recipe, the tips for cooking. Therefore, the customer when receive that flyer, they tend to read a whole flyer and keep it if they think it useful. PUBLIC RELATIONS One of the primaries of Trader Joes, the Whole Food Market is very good in public relation. They donate their food in the local food bank every week, and of course, they receive the award and certificate for that good will. However, if Trader Joes step in this charity, it would be late, and it doesnt help to increase the fame. So I would recommend another plan, like support the after school program, the senior living or sponsor for some organization like breast cancer, marathon 2Kà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Our target market is a youth adult, who cares about their environment and social. So if we keep doing this strategy, I believe that we will catch their attention and bring more customers to our store because they will realize that their spending money would help them back by our program support for their children, their parent or their grandparents. INTERNET/SOCIAL MEDIA Our target is the youth adult, who was born in the technology decade, and the best way to catch their attention is using their own way. They using Facebook or Twitter like the primary way to communicate with each other. The first thing is Trader Joes have to open social media account. Then for attracting they follow us on Facebook or Twitter; Trader Joe should release any coupon or special sale in store and if they want to get these coupons, they have to follow or like the fan page. By that, we will have a fan on social media, and for any update, any news from Trader Joes, this fan base would the first one who receive that news and expand it. Moreover, Trader Joe website and fan page can build awareness about its own brand by updating the social support, the new product, or any helpful information like recipe and nutrition chart for the product. Executing and Implementing the Marketing Plan BUDGET ALLOCATION Trader joes company. (2013). (). Austin, United States, Austin: Dun and Bradstreet, Inc. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230609054?accountid=10351

Prison Gangs: Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness Essay -- secur

One of the major problems of corrections today is the security threat group - more commonly known as the prison gang. A security threat group (STG) can be defined as any group of offenders who pose a treat to the security and physical safety of the institution. Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, prison gangs focused primarily on uniting inmates for self protection and the monopolization of illegal prison activities for monetary gain (F.B.P., 1994, p. 2). STGs are mostly divided along racial lines and practiced defiance towards authority. STGs use a variety of hand signs, alphabet codes, tattoos, and different types of gang terminology. Gangs characteristically have rivals and make an alliance with other gangs. The criminal activity of S.T.G.’s does not only exist inside the confines of the prison walls, but has flowed to the outside world. â€Å"Prostitution, extortion, drug selling, gambling, loan sharking – such activities are invariably operated by prison gan gs† (Gaines, Kaune, Miller, 2000, p.652). The Texas Prison System consists of eleven classified security threat groups; Texas chooses to classify a gang as a STG when they become involved in violent activity. â€Å"Prison gangs exist in the institutions of forty states and also in the federal system† (Clear and Cole, 2000, p. 260). Three main stages that the offender will experience with the S.T.G. are recruitment, the gang experience, and affiliation upon release. Recruiting efforts begin with the intake of the offender into the prison system. The best recruitment takes place in transfer facilities where offenders are held before they are classified as to what security level prison they will be sent to. There are steps that must be followed when becoming a prospectiv... ...y not only endanger themselves, but also family and friends. As it is stated in many of the by-laws, â€Å"blood in, blood out†-membership is for life. Bibliography: Bohm, R.M., & Haley, K.N.(1999). Introduction to Criminal Justice (2nd edition). New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Clear, T.R., & Cole, G.F.(2000). American Corrections (5th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Federal Bureau of Prisons.(1994) Security Threat Groups Symbols and Terminology (Fall 1994 edition). Sacramento: U.S. Government Printing Office. Gaines, L.K., & Kaune, M., & Miller, R.L.(2000) Criminal Justice in Action. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Ralph, P.H.(1997). From Self Preservation to Organized Crime: The Evolution of Inmate Gangs. In J.W. Marquart, & J.R. Sorensen (Eds.). Correctional Contexts: Contemporary and Classical Readings (pp. 182-186). Los Angeles: Roxbury

Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod)

Title: Laboratory 2: Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Objective To determine the amount of oxygen necessary for biological oxidation of wastewater effluent and determine the amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing decomposable organic matter. Methodology Apparatus ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) meter, Dissolved Oxygen bottle (DO bottle), pipette, Teflon tape, dilution water, incubator machine. Procedure; Add 300 ml dilute water then take DO reading immediately Closed properly and keep into the incubator (200C).Take reading for the next 5 days Add 3 ml dilute water and fill up with dilute water until 300ml then take DO reading immediately Figure 1 Precaution Samples for BOD analysis may change greatly during handling and storage. Testing should be started as quickly as possible. To reduce the changes in those samples which must be held, keep the samples at or below 4 °C. Do not allow samples to freeze. Samples may be kept for no more than 48 hours be fore beginning the BOD test. Students assign to prevent interference from chlorine. Because chlorine is such a strong oxidizing agent, it will inhibit the growth of living bacteria in the BOD test.Any samples containing residual chlorine must be pretreated to remove chlorine before the test is run. This is done by adding sodium sulfite to the sample. Samples with extreme pH values and samples containing disinfectants such as residual chlorine must be treated prior to testing. Caustic alkalinity or acidity can prevent bacteria from growing during the course of the BOD test. To prevent this, samples which have pH values higher than pH 8. 0 or lower than pH 6. 0 must be neutralized to pH 7. 0 before the test is performed. Result 1) 3 ml sampleGroup| Sample| Result| First day (1st)| Fifth day (5th)|   |   |   | DO| Temp| DO| Temp| | | | (mg/l)| (0C)| (mg/l)| (0C)| 1| Blank| 1st| 9. 20| 25. 8| 9. 26| 20. 3| | | 2nd| 9. 16| 25. 8| 9. 30| 20. 4| | | 3rd| 9. 13| 25. 8| 9. 31| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25. 8| | 20. 4| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 24| 26. 2| 8. 73| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 12| 26. 2| 8. 77| 20. 6| | | 3rd| 9. 10| 26. 2| 8. 79| 20. 7| | | Mean| | 26. 2| | 20. 6| 4| Blank| 1st| 9. 14| 25. 9| 9. 04| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 16| 26| 9. 02| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 15| 26| 9. 01| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25. 97| | 20. 5| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 08| 26. 2| 8. 31| 20. | | | 2nd| 9. 05| 26. 3| 8. 34| 20. 7| | | 3rd| 9. 02| 26. 4| 8. 35| 20. 8| | | Mean| | 26. 3| | 20. 73| 5| Blank| 1st| 9. 10| 25| 8. 86| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 11| 25| 8. 88| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 10| 25| 8. 86| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25| | 20. 5| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 10| 25| 7. 82| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 11| 25| 7. 82| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 11| 25| 7. 84| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25| | 20. 5| The BOD of the sample can be calculates using the equations provided in the following First Equation is provided by the standard method BOD5= mgL= D1 – D2P Second Equation is BOD5= mgL= D1 – D2 -B1 – B2 P Where;D1 : DO of the diluted samp le immediately after preparation, mg/L D2 : DO of the diluted sample after 5-day incubation at 200c, mg/L B1 : DO of the control before incubation B2 : DO of the control after incubation P : fraction of the wastewater sample volume to total combined volume Group| Sample| First day (1st)| Fifth day (5th)| BOD5| BOD5| | | DO| Temp| DO| Temp| (mg/l)| (mg/l)| | | (mg/l)| (0C)| (mg/l)| (0C)| (1st Equation)| (2ndEquation)| 1| Blank| 9. 16| 25. 8| 9. 29| 20. 4|   | 52| | Waste Water| 9. 15| 26. 2| 8. 76| 20. 6| 39| | 4| Blank| 9. 15| 25. 97| 9. 02| 20. 5|   | 59| | Waste Water| 9. 05| 26. 3| 8. 33| 20. 73| 72| | | Blank| 9. 1| 25| 8. 87| 20. 5|   | 105| | Waste Water| 9. 11| 25| 7. 83| 20. 5| 128| | Discussion From the equation, the result are totally different, it is because second (2nd) equation actually are specialist for seeded sample. Since that, it does not suitable and can’t be used to calculate the BOD level. BOD test is a biological test; dependent on the actions of t he microorganisms found in the wastewater and, as such, is subject to a number of variations. These variations can be caused by a number of factors, including changes in temperature, weather, composition of incoming sewage, in plant operations, and sampling points.Results can vary widely from day to day, or even hour to hour. . Form the result we found that the the BOD level in group 5 is 128mg/L, Group 4 72mg/L is quiet higher rather than Group 1 39mg/L. When BOD levels are high, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels decrease because the oxygen that is available in the water is being consumed by the bacteria. Since less dissolved oxygen is available in the water, fish and other aquatic organisms may not survive. If referred to the IWK website, BOD5 at 200C is 20mg/L for standard A and 50mg/L for standard B.Its mean only sample from group 1 is under control and can be entitled as clean. High level of result from group 4 and 5 may resulted by the input of nitrates and phosphate. Nitrates and phosphates in a body of water can contribute to high BOD levels. Nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients and can cause plant life and algae to grow quickly. When plants grow quickly, they also die quickly. This contributes to the organic waste in the water, which is then decomposed by bacteria. One of the major disadvantages of the BOD test is the time lag between the collection of samples and the final calculation of results.This makes the BOD test a poor test for determining whether or not operational changes are needed. In addition, the rate and degree that organic matter in wastewater is decomposed (or oxidized) by the normal bacteria present in a sample is largely dependent on the characteristics of the organic matter. For example, some organic matter (like sugars or starches) are oxidized very easily and rapidly, and will almost always result in measurable â€Å"BOD†. Other organic matter, however, is sometimes resistant to biological oxidation, and may require spec ial â€Å"acclimated† bacteria to oxidize the material and to show a â€Å"BOD†.Although this is what actually happens in nature, it causes significant variation in BOD results from sample to sample. Conclusion, high; level of BOD reflects to the DO which it will be decrease. Which is mean the water quality if poor. References Unknown. (n. d. ). Indah Water. Retrieved from http://www. iwk. com. my/v/knowledge-arena/effluent-standards Unknown, A. (n. d. ). Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) – Overview. Retrieved from Polyseed. com: http://www. polyseed. com/misc/BODforwebsite. pdf

Using the French Expression Oh làlÃÂ

Using the French Expression Oh l l The French phrase oh l l isnt so much an expression as an interjection. It can indicate surprise, disappointment, commiseration, distress, or annoyance. The phrase is used to express any moderately strong reaction to something that was just said or done, for example: Oh l l ! Jai oublià © mon portefeuille! Oh no, I forgot my wallet! You can strengthen the phrase by adding more  ls, but you need to do so in pairs. Using and Misusing Oh l l A native French speaker might use the expression as follows. Suppose this person is passing through Charles de Gaulle Airport, which is near Paris. Imagine that the man is looking at souvenirs and knocks over a small Eiffel Tower made of glass, causing it to shatter. He might exclaim: Oh l  l l  l l  l!  (Note how he inserted four extra  ls- two pairs of two- to heighten his expression of annoyance or mortification.) Another example might be a French native speaker playing poker. Suppose the card player draws an ace to give her four aces, generally a winning hand. She might use the phrase as follows:   Oh l l l l ! (a beat) l l! Note that in English, this expression is often used in to talk about something risquà ©. It tends to be misspelled in these occurrences and mispronounced as ooh la la. It is also usually said fairly slowly and with the first word comically elongated. That is not the way to use the expression correctly in French. Pronouncing and Defining Oh l l Click the link for [o la la] to bring up a sound file that will let you hear how to correctly pronounce the phrase. Click the link a couple of times, listen carefully, and then repeat the saying until you are able to pronounce it correctly. Though the phrase does, indeed, translate as Oh dear, Oh my, or Oh no, its literal translation is Oh there, there. That would make little sense in English, hence the generally accepted, and more emotional, translations. Using  Oh l l in Conversation According to The Local, there are many ways to correctly use this versatile interjection: For example, you show someone your new ring and they say, Oh l l cest trop jolie!  (Oh my god it’s so pretty!) It is high, light and happy. The Stockholm-based website devoted to European languages and culture, including French, warns that you should not use the phrase for particularly negative situations, such as  a car barreling  through a pedestrian crossing nearly knocking  you over, a biker ringing his bell at you, or someone cutting in front of you in line at the grocery store. There are other  French phrases  that are more appropriate for those kinds of situations. But the expressive phrase is really a useful one to employ if you are visiting France: (There are) moments when Oh l l l l l l  is really the only way you can express your frustration/anger/hanger (hunger anger). It is satisfying. If you live in Paris long enough, says the website, it will become an automatic part of your vocabulary, adding that at this the point, youll know youre really turning Parisian.

Profile of Serial Killer Arthur Shawcross

Profile of Serial Killer Arthur Shawcross Arthur Shawcross, also known as The Genesee River Killer, was responsible for the murders of 12 women in upstate New York from 1988 to 1990. This was not the first time that he killed.  In 1972 he confessed to the sexual assault and murders of two children. Early Years Arthur Shawcross was born on June 6, 1945, in Kittery, Maine. The family relocated to Watertown, New York, a few years later. From early  on,  Shawcross was socially challenged and spent much of his time alone. His withdrawn behavior earned him the nickname oddie from his peers. He was never a good student failing  both behaviorally and academically during his short time at school. He would often miss classes, and when he was there, he regularly  misbehaved and had the reputation of being a bully and picking fights with other students. Shawcross  dropped out of school  after failing to pass the ninth grade. He was 16 years old.  Over the next few years, his violent behavior intensified, and he was suspected of arson and burglary. He was placed on probation in 1963 for breaking the window of a store. Marriage In 1964 Shawcross married and the next year he and his wife had a son. In November 1965 he was put on probation on a charge of unlawful entry. His wife filed for divorce soon afterward, stating that he was abusive. As part of the divorce, Shawcross gave up all paternal rights to his son and never saw the child again. Military Life In April 1967 Shawcross was drafted into the Army. Right after receiving his draft papers he married for the second time. He was sent to Vietnam from October 1967 until September 1968 and was  then stationed at Fort Sill in Lawton, Oklahoma.  Shawcross later claimed that he killed 39 enemy soldiers  during combat. Officials disputed it and attributed him with a combat kill of zero. After his release from the Army, he and his wife returned to Clayton, New York. She divorced him shortly afterward citing abuse and his propensity to being a  pyromaniac  as her reasons. Prison Time Shawcross was sentenced to five years in prison for arson in 1969. He was released in October 1971, after serving just 22 months of his sentence. He returned to Watertown, and by the following April, he was married for the third time and working for the Public Works Department.  Like his previous marriages, the marriage was short and ended abruptly after he  confessed to murdering two local children. Jack Blake and Karen Ann Hill Within six months of each other, two Watertown children went missing in September 1972. The first child was 10-year-old Jack Blake. His body was found a year later out in the woods. He had been sexually assaulted and strangled to death. The second child was Karen Ann Hill, age 8, who was visiting Watertown with her mother for the Labor Day weekend. Her body was found under a bridge. According to autopsy reports, she had been raped and murdered, and dirt and leaves were found jammed down her throat. Shawcross Confesses Police investigators arrested Shawcross in October 1972 after he was identified as the man who was with Hill on the bridge right before she disappeared.   After working out a plea deal, Shawcross confessed to murdering Hill and Blake and agreed to divulge the location of Blakes body in exchange for a charge of manslaughter in the Hill case and no charges for murdering Blake. Since they had no solid evidence to convict him in the Blake case,  prosecutors agreed, and he was found guilty and given a 25-year-sentence.   Freedom Rings Shawcross was 27 years old, divorced for the third time and would be locked away until the age of 52, but after serving just 14 1/2 years,  he was released from prison.   Being out of prison was challenging for Shawcross once word would get  out about his criminal past. He had to be relocated to four different cities  because of community protests. A decision was made to seal his records from public view, and he was moved one final time. Rochester, New York In June 1987, Shawcross and his new girlfriend, Rose Marie Walley, were relocated to Rochester, New York. This time there were no protests because Shawcross parole officer failed to report to the local police department that a child rapist and murderer had just moved into town. Life for Shawcross and Rose became routine. They got married, and Shawcross worked various low-skilled jobs. It did not take long for him  to become bored with his new menial life. Murder Spree In March 1988, Shawcross began cheating on his wife with a new girlfriend. He also was spending a lot of time  with prostitutes. Unfortunately, over the next two-year,  many of the prostitutes that he got to know would end up dead. A Serial Killer on the Loose Dorothy Dotsie Blackburn, 27, was a cocaine addict and prostitute who often worked on Lyell Avenue, a section in Rochester that was known for prostitution. On March 18, 1998, Blackburn was reported missing by her sister. Six days later her body was pulled from the Genesee River Gorge. An autopsy revealed that she had suffered severe wounds from a blunt object. There were also human bite marks found all around her vagina. The cause of death was strangulation. Blackburns lifestyle opened up a broad range of possible suspects for case detectives to investigate, but with too few clues the case eventually went cold In September, six months after Blackburns body was found, the bones from another missing Lyell Avenue prostitute, Anna Marie Steffen, was found by a man who was collecting bottles to sell for cash. Investigators were unable to identify the victim whose bones were found, so they hired an anthropologist to reconstruct the victims facial features based on a skull that found on the scene. Steffens father saw the facial recreation and identified the victim as his daughter, Anna Marie. Dental records provided additional confirmation. Six Weeks - More Bodies The decapitated and decomposing remains of a homeless woman, 60-year-old Dorothy Keller, was found on October 21, 1989, in the Genesee River Gorge. She died from having her neck broken. Another Lyell Avenue prostitute, Patricia Patty Ives, 25, was found strangled to death and buried under a pile of debris on October 27, 1989. She had been missing for nearly a month. With the discovery of Patty Ives, investigators realized that it was a strong possibility that a serial killer was loose in Rochester. They had the bodies of four women, all who went missing and were murdered within seven months of each other; three had been murdered within a few weeks of each other; three of the victims were prostitutes from Lyell Avenue, and all the victims had bite marks and had been strangled to death. Investigators went from looking for individual killers  to looking for a serial killer and the window of time between his kills was getting shorter. The press also grew interested in the murders and dubbed the killer as the Genesee River Killer, and the Rochester Strangler. June Stott On October 23, June Stott, 30, was reported missing by her boyfriend. Stott was mentally ill and would occasionally vanish without telling anyone. This, along with the fact that she was not a prostitute or drug user, kept her disappearance separated from the serial killer investigation. Easy Pickins Marie Welch, age 22 was a Lyell Avenue prostitute who was reported missing on November 5, 1989. Frances Franny Brown, age 22, was last seen alive leaving Lyell Avenue on November 11, with a client known by some of the prostitutes as Mike or Mitch. Her body, nude except for her boots,  was discovered three days later dumped in the Genesee River Gorge. She had been beaten and strangled to death. Kimberly Logan, 30, another Lyell Avenue prostitute, was found dead on November 15, 1989. She had brutally kicked  and beaten, and dirt and leaves were crammed down her throat, much like Shawcross did to 8-year-old, Karen Ann Hill. This one piece of  evidence could have led the authorities right to Shawcross, had they known that he was living in Rochester. Mike or Mitch At the beginning of November, Jo Ann Van Nostrand told police about a client named Mitch who paid her to play dead and then he would try to strangle her, which she did not allow. Van Nostrand was a seasoned prostitute who had entertained men with all kinds of particularities, but this one - this Mitch - managed to give her the creeps. This was the first real lead the investigators received. It was the second time that the man with the same physical description, named Mike or Mitch, had been mentioned in reference to the murders. Interviews with many of the Lyle prostitutes indicated that he was a regular and that he had the reputation of being violent.   Game Changer On Thanksgiving Day, November 23, a man walking his dog discovered the body June Stott, the one missing person that the police did not connect to the serial killer. Like the other women found, June Stott suffered a vicious beating before dying. But death did not end the killers cruelty. An autopsy revealed that Stott had been strangled to death. The corpse was then anally mutilated, and the body was cut opened from the throat down to the crotch. It was noted that the labia had been cut off and that the killer likely had  it in his possession. For detectives, June Stotts murder sent the investigation into a tailspin. Stott was not a drug addict or a prostitute, and her body had been left in an area far from the other victims. Could it be that Rochester was being stalked by two serial killers? It seemed as if each week another woman went missing and those found murdered were not close to being solved. It was at this point that the Rochester police decided to contact the F.B.I. for help. F.B.I. Profile The F.B.I. Agents sent to Rochester created a profile of the serial killer. They said  that the killer showed characteristics of a man  in his 30s, white, and who knew his victims. He was probably a local man familiar with the area, and he probably had a criminal record. Also, based on the lack of semen found on his victims, he was sexually dysfunctional and found gratification after his victims were dead. They also believed that the killer would return to mutilate the bodies of his victims when possible. More Bodies The body of Elizabeth Liz Gibson, 29, was found strangled to death on November 27, in another county. She was also a Lyell Avenue prostitute and was last seen by Jo Ann Van Nostrand with the Mitch client who she had reported to the police in October. Nostrand went to the police and gave them the information along with a description of the mans vehicle. The F.B.I agents strongly suggested that when the next body was found, that investigators wait and watch to see if the  killer returned to the body. The End of a Bad Year Had investigators hoped that the busy December holiday season and the cold temperatures might slow down the serial killer, they soon found out that they were wrong. Three women disappeared, one right after the other: Darlene Trippi, 32, was known for pairing up for safety with veteran Jo Ann Van Nostrand, yet on December 15, she like others before her, disappeared off Lyell Avenue.June Cicero, 34, was a seasoned prostitute known for her good instincts and for always staying alert, yet on December 17 she also vanished.And as if to toast in the New Year, the serial killer attacked one more time on December 28, plucking 20-year-old Felicia Stephens off the streets. She too was never seen alive again. A Spectator In an effort to find the missing women, police organized  an air search of the Genesee River Gorge. Road patrols were also sent out, and on New Years Eve, they found a pair of black jeans belonging to Felicia Stephens. Her boots were found in another location after the patrol expanded the  search. On January 2, another air and ground search was organized and right before calling it off due to bad weather, the air team spotted what appeared to be the body of a half-nude female  laying face down near the Salmon Creek. As they went down to get a closer look, they also spotted a man on the bridge above the body. He appeared to be urinating, but when he spotted the aircrew, he immediately fled the scene in his van.The ground team was alerted and went in pursuit of the man in the van. The body, which was surrounded by fresh footprints in the snow, was that of June Cicero. She had been strangled to death, and there were bite marks covering what was left of her vagina which had been cut out. Gotcha! The man from the bridge was apprehended at a nearby nursing home. He was identified as Arthur John Shawcross. When asked for his drivers license, he told the police that he did not have one because he had been convicted of manslaughter. Shawcross and his girlfriend Clara Neal were brought to the police station for questioning. After hours of interrogation, Shawcross still maintained that he had nothing to do with any Rochester murders. He did, however, offer up more details about his childhood, his past murders and his experiences in Vietnam. Shocking Admissions There is no definitive answer as to why Shawcross seemed to embellish the stories of what he did to his victims and what had been done to him throughout his childhood. He could have remained silent, yet it seemed he wanted to shock his interrogators, knowing that they could do nothing to him, regardless of how he described his crimes. When discussing the murders of the two children in 1972, he told the detectives that Jack Blake had been bothering him, so he hit him, killing him by mistake. Once the boy was dead, he decided to eat his genitals. He also admitted that he anally raped Karen Ann Hill before strangling her to death. Vietnam Murders While in Vietnam, along with killing 39 men  during combat (which was a proven lie) Shawcross also used the venue to describe in grotesque details  how he murdered, then cooked and ate, two Vietnam women. Family Reactions Shawcross also talked about his childhood, as if using the experience as a way to justify his horrific acts. According to Shawcross, he did not get along with his parents and his mother was domineering and extremely abusive. He also claimed that an aunt sexually molested him when he was 9 years old and that he acted out by sexually molesting his younger sister. Shawcross also said that he had a homosexual relationship at age 11 and experimented with bestiality not long afterward. Shawcross family members strongly denied that he was abused and described his childhood as normal. His sister was equally vehement about never having had a sexual relationship with her brother. As to his aunt sexually abusing him, It was later determined,  that if he had been abused, he somehow blocked out his aunts name because the name that he gave did not belong to any of his real aunts. Released After listening to hours of his self-serving saga, investigators still were unable to get him to admit to any of the Rochester murders. With nothing to hold him on  the police had to let him go, but not before taking his picture. Jo Ann Van Nostrand along with other prostitutes identified the police picture of Shawcross as the same man they called Mike/Mitch. It turned out that he was a regular customer of many of the women on Lyell Avenue. Confessions Shawcross was brought in for questioning a second time. After several hours of interrogation, he still denied having anything to do with the murdered women. It was not until the detectives threatened to bring his wife and his girlfriend Clara in together for questioning  and that they could  be implicated in the murders, did he begin to waver. His first admission that he was involved in the murders was when he told police that Clara had nothing to do with it. Once his involvement was established, the details began to flow. The detectives gave Shawcross a list of 16 women missing or murdered, and he immediately denied having anything to do with five of them. He then confessed to murdering the others. With each victim that he confessed to the killing, he included  what the victim had done to deserve what they got. One victim tried to steal his wallet, another wouldnt be quiet, another made fun of him, and yet another had nearly bitten off his penis.   He also blamed many of the victims for reminding him of his domineering and abusive mother, so much so that once he began to hit them, he couldnt stop. When it came time to discuss June Stott, Shawcross appeared to become melancholy. Apparently, Stott was a friend and had been a guest in his home. He explained to the detectives that the reason he mutilated her body after killing her was a kind favor he extended to her so that she would decompose faster. Reaching Through the Prison Bars A common trait of serial killers is the desire to show they are still in control and can reach through the prison walls and still do damage to those outside.   When it came to Arthur Shawcross, this certainly appeared to be the case, because, throughout the years when interviewed,  his answers to the questions seemed to change depending on who was doing the interviewing. Female interviewers were often subjected to his long descriptions of how much he enjoyed eating the body parts and organs that he had cut out from his victims. Male interviewers often had to listen to his conquests in Vietnam. If he thought he sensed sympathy from the interviewer, he would add more details about how his mother would insert sticks into his anus or offer up specific details into exactly how his aunt took sexual advantage of him when he was just a child. Shawcross was transparent, so much so that the interviewers,  detectives, and doctors that listened to him,  doubted much of what he said when he would describe his childhood  abuse and his enjoyment of cutting up women and  eating body parts. The Trial Shawcross pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. During his trial, his lawyer tried to prove that Shawcross was a victim of multiple personality disorder stemming from his years of being abused as a child. Post-traumatic stress disorder from his year in Vietnam was also anted up as a reason why he went insane and murdered women. The big problem with this defense was that there was no one who backed up his stories. His family completely denied his accusations of abuse. The Army provided proof that Shawcross was never stationed near a jungle and that he never fought in combat, never burned down huts, was never caught behind a firebomb and never went on jungle patrol as he claimed. As to his claims to have killed and devoured two Vietnam women, two psychiatrists that interviewed him agreed that Shawcross changed the story so often that it became unbelievable. Extra Y Chromosome It was discovered that Shawcross had an extra Y chromosome  which some  have suggested (although there is no proof) makes the person more violent. A cyst found on Shawcross right temporal lobe was said to have caused him to have behavioral seizures where he would display animalistic behavior, such as eating the body parts of his victims. In the end, it came down to what the jury believed, and they werent fooled for a moment. After deliberating for just one-half hour, they found him sane and guilty. Shawcross was sentenced to 250 years in prison and received an additional life sentence after pleading guilty to the murder of Elizabeth Gibson in Wayne County. Death On November 10, 2008, Shawcross died of cardiac arrest after being transferred from the Sullivan Correction Facility to an Albany, New York hospital. He was 63 years old.